Riparian Wetlands
Description:
Riparian areas are found in all regions of Montana. They are characterized as linear features2 adjacent [to] and affected by surface and subsurface hydrologic features of perennial or intermittent rivers, streams, lakes and drainage ways. Riparian areas have one or both of the following characteristics: 1) distinctively different vegetative species than adjacent areas, and 2) species similar to adjacent areas but exhibiting more vigorous or robust growth forms. Riparian areas are usually transitional between wetland and upland.1
Function and Values:
Riparian areas provide numerous functions and values that protect the quality and quantity of our water resources. Riparian areas trap sediment and other pollutants from overland runoff before they have a chance to enter lakes and streams. They also function to reducer the magnitude and velocities of flood waters, and help to maintain base flows in streams by slowly releasing floodwaters back into the stream channel. Riparian areas are also important for wildlife by providing breeding and foraging habitat and as corridors between critical habitat areas.
Photos of Riparian Wetlands:
Photo by Erin Farris
"Riparian area along Bear Creek in Southwestern Montana"
Photo by Erin Farris
"Riparian area along Blacktail Creek"
Photo by Tom Hinz
"Aerial photograph of riparian and wetland areas along Dupuyer Creek on the Rocky Mountain Front, Montana"
Distribution Map of Riparian Wetlands:
Potential Stressors:
Development:
Photo by: Lynda Saul
"Removal of riparian habitats for urban development."
Grazing:
Photo by: MT NHP
"Paths cutting through riparian areas caused by cattle."
Agriculture:
Photo by: Lynda Saul
"Agricultural encroachment into riparian wetlands along the main stem of the Flathead River, Montana."
Reference:
1 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. A system for mapping riparian areas in the Western United States. USFWS, National Wetlands Inventory, Lakewood, CO.
2 Mitsch, W. J. and J. G. Gosselink. 1993. Wetlands, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp722.
